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the impacts of an El Nino are seen all

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over the world one that's perhaps most

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easily visible from space is the change

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in ocean color that indicates the change

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in populations of microscopic marine

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plants called phytoplankton

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phytoplankton are tiny organisms that

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make up the base of the marine food web

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during an El Nino warm waters from the

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western Pacific migrate eastward towards

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South America blocking the supply of

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nutrients from the lower depths of the

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ocean to the sea surface this causes

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significant losses in phytoplankton

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populations particularly along the

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equator towards South America this

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decline echoes through many species

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small fish that feed on phytoplankton

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starve this affects everything from

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penguin and iguana populations in the

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Galapagos to governments managing

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fisheries this view from NASA satellites

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helps us to understand the role of ocean